Mean time between failures (MTBF)

MTBF is the average operating time between one failure and the next for repairable equipment, used as a reliability measure.

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Also called: MTBF, mean time between failure.

MTBF, MTTR and MTTF

MTBF — mean time between failures — measures reliability for equipment that gets repaired and put back into service. MTTR — mean time to repair — measures how quickly it comes back, which is maintainability rather than reliability. MTTF — mean time to failure — applies to things that are replaced rather than repaired, like bulbs and bearings.

The pair worth watching together is MTBF and MTTR: reliability and recovery. Equipment that fails rarely but takes a week to fix can be more disruptive than equipment that fails often and is back in an hour.

Three ways it misleads

It is an average, and failures are not evenly distributed. Equipment characteristically fails early (manufacturing defects) and late (wear-out), with a reliable middle. An MTBF of 2,000 hours does not promise 2,000 good hours.

Small samples produce meaningless numbers. MTBF from three failures is arithmetic, not statistics. It is most useful across a fleet of similar items or a long history of one item.

The definition of "failure" decides the answer. If minor faults that get worked around are not logged, MTBF looks excellent while the equipment is visibly unreliable to everyone who uses it. Consistency in what gets recorded matters more than precision in the calculation.

Mean time between failures

MTBF = Total operating time ÷ Number of failures

A machine running 4,800 hours with 6 failures has an MTBF of 800 hours. Use operating time, not calendar time — idle hours are not a reliability test.

What goes wrong without it

Without failure records tied to specific items, chronically unreliable equipment is defended anecdotally and replaced late, long after its repair spend passed the cost of a new one.

How Itefy handles it

Itefy logs issues and repairs against the individual item, so failure frequency and repair cost per item accumulate as a record rather than as impressions. Read more.

Mean time between failures (MTBF) — common questions

Does a high MTBF mean equipment is reliable?

It suggests so, but only if failures are recorded consistently and the sample is large enough to mean something. An MTBF that looks good because minor faults go unlogged is worse than no figure.

What is the difference between MTBF and MTTR?

MTBF is how long it runs between failures; MTTR is how long it takes to fix. Read them together — rare failures that take a week can hurt more than frequent ones fixed in an hour.

Related terms

Equipment downtime

Equipment downtime is time during which equipment is unavailable for its intended use, whether because it has failed or because it is being serviced.

Definition

Preventive maintenance

Preventive maintenance is servicing equipment on a planned schedule — by time or by usage — to reduce the chance of it failing unexpectedly in use.

Definition

Service history

A service history is the complete record of maintenance, repairs and inspections carried out on a specific item, with dates, work done and cost.

Definition

Equipment condition report

An equipment condition report is a dated record of the physical and working state of a specific item, used to track deterioration and settle damage questions.

Definition

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